Last updated: 23 October 2026.
What you will find here
Per gli occhi is a popular-science magazine about eye health, published by Publilia di Alessandro Ruggiero (‘the publisher’). Its articles explain in plain language what scientific studies say, and always refer to the original sources. They are intended solely for information and education.
This is not medical advice
Nothing on this website constitutes medical advice, a diagnosis or a prescription, and nothing on it can replace an examination by an ophthalmologist or the opinion of your doctor, orthoptist or pharmacist. The information is general: it does not take into account your medical history, the medicines you use or your particular circumstances, which only a healthcare professional can assess.
Do not use this content to diagnose a condition, or to start, stop or change a treatment, eye drops, the use of contact lenses or a supplement: talk to your doctor first.
Emergencies
If you have a sudden loss of vision, flashes of light, a shadow covering part of your field of vision, severe pain in the eye, an injury or a chemical in the eye, do not look for answers online: call 112 immediately or go to an emergency department (A&E). 112 is the single European emergency number, free of charge in every country of the European Union. You will find the other warning signs on the page When to see an eye doctor straight away.
Scientific studies
A study is one piece of the puzzle, not the final word. Many findings are preliminary (obtained in cells, in animals or in small groups of people), may be contradicted by later research and do not always lead to treatments that become available. For every study we state what type it is, what its limitations are and where to read it. When we report data on how effective a treatment is, we report what the study measured: it is not a promise of results for the reader.
Medicines, devices and supplements
The magazine does not advertise medicines, medical devices, supplements or other products, and does not recommend any of them. We talk about active ingredients and categories of treatment, not brands. To find out whether a treatment is suitable for you, ask your ophthalmologist or doctor; before using any medicine, read the package leaflet and ask your pharmacist for advice.
How our texts are prepared
Our articles are prepared from the studies they cite, with the help of tools that include artificial intelligence. Every article says so below the headline and at the bottom of the page: until it has been checked by a qualified person, it is labelled ‘AI-generated text’; once it has been checked against the sources, it gives the name of the person who checked it and the date. Citation details (authors, titles, journals, DOIs) are not typed in by hand: they come from PubMed, the database of the National Library of Medicine. The full method is set out on the page Our method.
Independence and sponsors
Content is decided by the editorial team. Any sponsored content, or content produced with a contribution from third parties, will always be clearly identified, with the sponsor’s name, and will never concern prescription medicines. The rules are on the page Independence.
Updates and errors
Research moves quickly, and an article may not reflect the most recent studies: every article shows the date of its last update. We correct errors as soon as we find them, stating what was corrected and when. If you find an error, write to redazione@pergliocchi.com or use the form on the Contact page.
Personal questions
We cannot answer questions about personal symptoms, test results or treatments, not even by email or on social media: for that you need a professional who can examine you.
Links to other websites
Links to scientific journals, to PubMed and to other websites are there so that you can check the sources. We do not control those websites and are not responsible for their content.
Liability
We take the utmost care to publish accurate information, but we cannot guarantee that it is complete, up to date or suited to your situation. The information does not replace your relationship with your doctor. This does not affect any liability which, by law, cannot be excluded.